Darcy Hithcock from AXIS highlights Donella Meadows book “Thinking in Systems: A Primer” in her latest newsletter.
A lot of the sustainability solutions are around understanding “systems” and the “places to intervene in a system” to find a solution or a better equilibrium.
I understand the benefits and now I need to dig deeper, learn the vocabulary and implement systems thinking in my work and life.
I wish I could have met Donella Meadows before she died unexpectedly in 2001. She’s a brilliant mind but also an excellent teacher. The book, finished and published posthumously, is filled with easy-to-understand metaphors and examples (Slinkys and hot cups of coffee.), making a complex subject approachable. She also emphasizes that systems thinking isn’t better than reductionist thinking; it’s complimentary. As our world tries to pull ourselves out of an unsustainable and crashed economy, these concepts are well worth revisiting.
She reveals common human mistakes when dealing with systems:
–we focus on stocks (fish in sea, forests) more than flows (rates of decline);
–we focus more in inflows (producing more stuff to grow the economy) rather than outflows (slowing the rate at which things need to be replaced);
–we focus more on events than patterns;
–because of delays in the system, we often use interventions that make the problem worse (e.g., inventory imbalances).“You can’t navigate well in an interconnected, feedback-dominated world unless you take you eyes of short-term events and look for long-term behavior and structure; unless you are aware of false boundaries, nonlinearities and delays. You are likely to mistreat, misdesign, or misread systems if you don’t respect the properties of resilience, self-organization, and hierarchy.”
Of particular use is her listing of common system traps and what to do about them:
* policy resistance
* tragedy of the commons.
* Drift to low performance
* Escalation
* Success to the successful.
* Shifting the burden to intervenor
* Rule beating
* Seeking the wrong goalIn Part Three, Meadows explains her places to intervene in a system. This is the part most people are familiar with but in this lexicon, there are 12 points (from least effective to highest impact):
* Numbers
* Buffers
* Stock and Flow Structures
* Delays
* Balancing feedback loops
* Reinforcing feedback loops
* Information flows
* Rules
* Self-organization
* Goals
* Paradigms
* Transcending paradigms
*She advises us to
* first get the ‘beat’ of a system before trying to change it,
* expose your mental models,
* honor, respect and distribute information
* Use language with care, infused with systems concepts
* Pay attention to what is important, not just quantifiable
* Make feedback policies for feedback systems
* Go for the good of the whole
* Listen to the wisdom in the system
* Locate responsibility in the system
* Stay humble
* Celebrate complexity.In the end, she discovers that “ We can’t control systems of figure them out. But we can dance with them!”


We are hosting an online course based on this book with the Sustainability Institute. Find out more here:
http://blog.iseesystems.com/training/thinking-in-systems-inspires-online-course/
It is also worth mentioning that ‘systems thinking’ is nothing new. It has been expunged from most Western cultures by classicism, platonism, or compartmentalised thinking as expounded in our ‘educational’ system.
I know of small farmers in my area who do systems thinking intuitively, indeed anyone who spends time in nature or who has had a good education (my children go to a Steiner school for this reason) can see the relationships, the processes, the nodes and flows, when they haven’t been disciplined to think in bits and bites and subjects and theories.
Nassim Taleb makes reference (implicitly) to this distinction between classical and systems thinking in The Black Swan, and it is also critical to Sturat Brown’s analysis of what intelligence really is – an epiphenomenon of our interactions with our ecology – http://alastairmcgowan.co.uk/stonemason/?p=8
You are right. I think I am making this subject complex that what it needs to be. I understand the inter-connectedness and systems stuff intuitively.
I am planning to send my daughter to a steiner school too. What has been your experience?